• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Free-piston engine in cylindrical-stretched, two-sided symmetrical design with a stationary base part (1) and two identically designed motor halves, each with a combustion chamber (C) and with a within the base part (1) slidable, a piston rod (8) having oscillating body (6) and compression chambers (B) between the piston rod (8) and the base part (1). The piston rod (8) is coupled with its ends to a respective cup piston (19), which in each case encloses one of the combustion chambers (C) and together with the respective piston rod end forms a valve (9), wherein each cup piston (19) in one to the base part (1) belonging to the barrel sleeve (3) and on a the combustion chamber (C) mitumschließenden belonging to the base part (1) cylinder (22) of a cylinder plate (5) is mounted, which together with the barrel sleeve (3) each encloses a damper chamber (D) in which air is sucked during operation of the engine, so that each cup piston (19) slides only on air, and wherein at each piston rod end of the piston rod (8) at least one bore (8a), which forms an injection nozzle (8b) over which in each case in the region of the bottom dead center and with open valve (9) fuel, which mixes with in the region of the valve (9) supplied air, enters the respective combustion chamber (C).
    公开号:AT521166A4
    申请号:T508652018
    申请日:2018-10-08
    公开日:2019-11-15
    发明作者:Berthold Heinz
    申请人:Berthold Heinz；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    Free-piston engine in a cylindrical, two-sided symmetrical design with a stationary base part (1) and two identically designed engine halves, each with a combustion chamber (C) and with a vibrating body (6) that can slide within the base part (1) and has a piston rod (8) and compression chambers (B) between the piston rod (8) and the base part (1).
    The ends of the piston rod (8) are coupled to a cup piston (19), which also encloses one of the combustion chambers (C) and forms a valve (9) together with the respective piston rod end, with each cup piston (19) in one part of the base part (1) belonging barrel sleeve (3) and on a cylinder (22) surrounding the combustion chamber (C) and belonging to the base part (1) of a cylinder plate (5), which together with the barrel sleeve (3) each encloses a damper chamber (D) , into which air is sucked in during operation of the engine, so that each cup piston (19) only slides on air, and at each piston rod end of the piston rod (8) there is at least one bore (8a) which forms an injection nozzle (8b) which reaches the respective combustion chamber (C) in the area of bottom dead center and, when the valve (9) is open, fuel which mixes with air supplied in the area of the valve (9).
    1.30
    Berthold PA 8770
    description
    F piston engine
    The invention relates to a free-piston engine in a cylindrical, two-sided symmetrical design with a stationary base part and two identically designed engine halves, each with a combustion chamber and with a sliding body within the base part, having a piston rod and having a vibrating body and compression chambers between the piston rod and the base part.
    Such a free-piston engine is known as a free-flight piston engine under the name StelzerMotor and is shown and described, for example, in DE 30 29 287 A and on the website https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelzer-Motor. This engine has a step piston arranged in a motor housing with outer piston steps and an inner piston step. The inner piston stage can be moved within a precompression chamber, from which the mixture of air and fuel compressed and precompressed by a carburetor flows into the combustion chambers via channels. The piston center pieces extending in the channels simultaneously function as a valve. The inner piston stage constantly changes sides in the pre-compression chamber. As a result, the inlet opening is alternately assigned to the left and right expanding parts of the chamber. After passing over the inlet opening for the air / fuel mixture, the enclosed volume is reduced and the mixture is pre-compressed. In the course of the further movement of the piston, the region of the piston which closes the overflow opening is disengaged, the gas enters the combustion chamber and, at the outer end of the combustion chamber, flushes out residues of burned gas via the open outlet. In the back swing, the piston closes both the overflow opening and at the other end of the combustion chamber with its working part the outlet opening. The working part moves further to the center in the combustion chamber and compresses the mixture until ignition and reversal of movement. Now
    2/30 does work during the renewed outward movement of the pistons. The next pre-compression takes place in the inner area. Shortly before the outer dead center, the outlet opens first, and shortly afterwards the overflow opening. This workflow takes place alternately on both sides. The fact that the combustion chambers surround the piston rod tends to soot, which affects the service life of the engine. The seal between the piston rod and the housing has also proven to be problematic. Due to the concept, the ignitable mixture is mixed with exhaust gases, which is disadvantageous for the life of the engine.
    The invention is based on the object of designing a free-piston engine in such a way that it primarily provides energy and has the lowest possible internal resistance and that mixing of the ignitable mixture with the burned gases is prevented in any case.
    The object is achieved according to the invention in that the ends of the piston rod are coupled to a cup piston, each of which surrounds one of the combustion chambers and forms a valve together with the respective piston rod end, each cup piston in a barrel sleeve belonging to the base part and on one Combustion chamber with surrounding cylinder of a cylinder plate belonging to the base part is mounted, which together with the barrel sleeve encloses a damper chamber, into which air is sucked in during operation of the engine, so that each cup piston only slides on air, and at least one bore at each piston rod end of the piston rod is located, which forms an injection nozzle via which fuel, which mixes with air supplied in the region of the valve, reaches the respective combustion chamber in the region of bottom dead center and when the valve is open.
    The concept provided in the engine according to the invention of coupling the piston rod ends to cup pistons with the formation of valves and the fuel injection via the piston rod ends prevent mixing of the
    3/30 ignitable mixture with the burned gases. Because the piston rod is moved outside the combustion chamber, soot is avoided. During operation of the engine, the cup pistons slide on air without the need for lubricant, specifically between their outer sides and the running sleeves and an air jacket which forms between their inner sides and the cylinders during operation. The movement of the bucket pistons is therefore carried out with little resistance, so that the engine is highly efficient.
    It is particularly advantageous that the valve, which is formed between each cup piston and the respective piston rod end, is actuated by the differential pressure which arises between the compressor chamber and the combustion chamber during operation of the free piston engine.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the coupling of each cup piston to the piston rod takes place in that the piston rod has at each end a mushroom-shaped end region which forms a valve part of the valve and which is provided with an undercut which is undercut from the bottom of the cup piston.
    In the open position of the valve, a gap is preferably formed between a frustoconical recess in the bottom of the cup piston and the mushroom-shaped valve part, in which fuel can be injected into the gap via the at least one injection nozzle provided in the valve part.
    The inflow of air from the compression chamber into the combustion chamber preferably takes place via overflow openings in the bottom of the cup piston, which are in connection with the gap when the valve is open and allow air to flow from the compression chamber to the combustion chamber.
    An inflow of air into the already mentioned damper chambers is ensured in a particularly expedient manner in that each cylinder plate is provided with a number of inlet openings for air which can be closed on the inside by means of tongue valves and air from outside into the damper chamber formed between the barrel sleeve and the cylinder let flow.
    4/30
    A further advantageous measure consists in the fact that a plurality of labyrinth grooves is formed on the outer sides of the cylinders and the cup pistons, whereby the already mentioned sliding of the cup pistons on air or air cushions is supported.
    According to a further preferred embodiment, the single-piston engine also has an intake chamber for air in each engine half, into which air is alternately flowed in and blown out during operation of the engine and which therefore also adjust its volume accordingly. According to a preferred embodiment, the base part between the two sleeves has a central middle part, which has in each engine half a block-like plate arranged perpendicular to the piston rod, which is connected to two concentrically arranged cylindrical sleeves of different diameters, which between them are a partial area of the suction chamber for Form air. Further, second partial areas of the suction chambers for air are preferably formed by the measure that the vibrating body has a magnetic part of a starter generator arranged centrally on the piston rod, which magnetic part leaves two areas to the piston rod, each of which forms the second partial area of the suction chambers for air.
    The overflow of air from the intake chambers into the compressor chambers advantageously takes place through a number of overflow openings formed in each block-like plate, which have outlet openings which can be closed by means of a valve plate of a pressure-actuated valve.
    This valve preferably and expediently has a valve sleeve which is located between the piston rod and the inner sleeve of the central part of the base part, the piston rod and the valve sleeve being slidable relative to one another in such a way that opening and closing of the valve is made possible.
    In a simple and expedient manner, air flows into the intake chambers through a number of inlet openings, each in the outer sleeve
    5/30 of the central part of the base part are formed and which can be closed in particular by means of tongue valves.
    Of particular advantage is a special design of the overflow openings in the block-like plates and / or in the bottom of the cup pistons and of the inlet openings in the cylinder plate. According to this special embodiment, these openings narrow in a funnel shape in the direction of flow and have outlet openings which are each offset equally with respect to the inlet openings, so that the openings are inclined at an angle. This causes the air flowing through to rotate and accelerate at the same time.
    The type of fuel supply within the engine to the combustion chambers is optimally adapted to the engine concept and takes place from the outside via a hole in the block-like plate, via a groove in the sleeve in an annular gap formed in the base part, a hole in the valve sleeve and in bores located on the piston rod for the bore, which acts as an injection nozzle, the bores forming a continuous fuel line only in the region of the bottom dead center position.
    The gaseous combustion residues are expediently discharged in that each cup piston and the respective barrel sleeve each have a multiplicity of exhaust bores which are aligned with one another only in the area of the bottom dead center position, the number of bores in the cup piston differing from that of the barrel sleeve by one ensure unhindered and optimal drainage. The sleeves are concentrically surrounded by exhaust sleeves, which are also provided with exhaust bores.
    It is also particularly advantageous that the suction chambers have a maximum volume which is greater than the maximum volume of the compressor chambers, which in turn is greater than the maximum volume of the combustion chambers. This “step-like” increase in the sizes of the chambers results in a strongly increasing increase in compression, which is particularly advantageous for the energy efficiency of the engine.
    6.30
    A particularly preferred embodiment is one in which the maximum volume of the intake chambers is 1.5-3 times the maximum volume of the compression chambers and the maximum volume of the compression chambers is 1.5-3 times the maximum volume of the combustion chambers.
    Further features, advantages and details of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing, which represents an embodiment. Show
    1 is an overall view of a free-piston engine in longitudinal section,
    La shows a longitudinal section of the free-piston engine in one position during its operation,
    1b shows the detail Di of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view, the fuel flow being shown at bottom dead center,
    1c shows the detail D2 from FIG. 1 also in an enlarged view, in particular with regard to sleeves 4b 1, 4bi and 4bs
    2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
    3 shows a detail of FIG. 2 in an enlarged view,
    Fig. 4 is a view according to the arrow Frig. 5 of Fig. 1,
    5 shows a section along the line V-V of FIG. 4th
    The free-piston engine has a central longitudinal axis a, to which the majority of its components are designed to be rotationally symmetrical and arranged concentrically to one another, and stationary components and components which are movable relative to these, in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a. The stationary components include one along the central one
    7/30
    Longitudinal axis a elongated base part 1, which takes over the function of a housing together with two exhaust sleeves 2 and is symmetrical with respect to a central plane egg running perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis a. The base part 1 has a central middle part 4 and a cylinder plate 5 on each end. One of the exhaust sleeves 2 runs between the central middle part 4 and each cylinder plate 5, a running sleeve 3 being arranged inside each exhaust sleeve 2, likewise between the central middle part 4 and each cylinder plate 5. The running sleeves 3 have a smaller diameter than the exhaust sleeves 2 and are arranged concentrically with the respective exhaust sleeves 2.
    Inside the base part 1 there is a central central plane E2 which extends in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a, is movable in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a, is self-rotating, and largely moves on air cushions during operation of the engine and runs parallel to the plane Ei Symmetrically designed vibrating body 6, which consists of a centrally arranged magnetic part 7, a piston rod 8 equally protruding on both sides of the magnetic part 7 with valve parts 9a located at its ends and two cup pistons 19. The magnetic part 7 is of H-shaped design in longitudinal section and therefore has two ring parts 7a which leave free spaces surrounding the piston rod 8, the function of which is still to be discussed.
    A coil body 10 of a starter generator is received in a receptacle 4a of the central middle part 4 of the base part 1. As already mentioned, the magnet part 7 of the starter generator sits on the piston rod 8 and is firmly connected to it. The receptacle 4a is adjoined on both sides by two sleeves which are arranged concentrically to one another and extend along the longitudinal axis a, an outer sleeve 4bi which is connected to the receptacle 4a, and the inner sleeve which is arranged concentrically thereto and has a smaller diameter than the outer sleeve 4bi Sleeve 4b2. Each outer sleeve 4bi connects the receptacle 4a with a block-like plate 4c. The inner sleeves 4b2 are also connected to the block-like plates 4c, but have no connection to the receptacle 4a and end in the region of the receptacle 4a. The outside diameter of the
    8/30 inner sleeves 4bi is adapted to the inner diameter of the ring parts 7a of the magnetic part 7 such that the ring parts 7a can slide over the inner sleeves 4b2.
    Fig. 1 shows the bottom dead center position in the left half of the free-piston engine, the top dead center position in the right half. In the bottom dead center position, a suction chamber A is jointly formed between the outer and inner sleeves 4b i, 4bi located in the left half and between the ring parts 7a of the magnetic part 7 and the piston rod 8. In the top dead center position (right half of FIG. 1), the oscillating body 6 is moved so far to the right that the ring part 7a located in this half has moved over the sleeve 4b 2 .
    Between each inner sleeve 4bi and the piston rod 8 there is a valve 11 consisting of a valve sleeve 1a and a valve disk 11b (FIG. 1c). The valve sleeve
    I la passes through the plate 4c, so that the valve plate 11b is on the side of the plate 4c facing away from the receptacle 4a. Each inner sleeve 4bi is sealed off from the piston rod 8 with a shaft seal 12 (FIG. 1c), so that the piston rod 8 remains slidable relative to the sleeve 4bi. The piston rod 8 is also slidable relative to the valve 11 in the longitudinal direction of the axis a. The valve 11 is also movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis a relative to the piston rod 8, but only to the extent that, as will be described later, is necessary for the valve plate 11b to be movable for opening and closing overflow bores 13 formed in the block-like plate 4c is. The longitudinal mobility of the valve
    II is limited by stops 11c (FIG. 1c) on the end region of the valve sleeve 11a facing away from the valve plate 11b.
    The inner sleeve 4bi is provided on the inside with an annular gap 14 for the fuel supply. The fuel 27 is fed into the annular gap 14 from outside the base part 1 via a bore 15 in the plate 4c, furthermore via a groove 15bi, which is located between the sleeve 4b2 and the sleeve 4bs. The fuel is then introduced into the injection nozzle 8b via a bore 15b2 in the valve sleeve 1a, a bore 15bß in the piston rod 8, and further through a central bore 8a in the longitudinal direction of the bore 8a running in the respective piston tip. As in particular Fig. 1b
    9/30 shows, the fuel supply is only possible in the bottom dead center position and with the valve 11 of the free-piston engine closed, in this position the feed 27, the bore 5, the groove 15bi and the aforementioned bores 15bi 15bß, 8a and 8b form a continuous fuel line , Excess fuel is returned to a drain 27a via a groove 15c and a bore 15ci. The valve sleeve 1 la is therefore lubricated on both sides (outside and inside) of fuel.
    The outer sleeve 4bi is provided over its circumference with a plurality, for example with eight, air inlet openings 16 (FIG. 1b), which are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference of the sleeve 4bi and can be closed by means of inlet valves 17 on the inside of the outer sleeve 4bi. The inlet valves 17 are preferably designed as tongue valves. FIG. 2 also shows the air inlet openings 16 formed over the circumference of the outer sleeve 4b i and the inlet valves 17 closable by these openings.
    The overflow openings 13 extend through each block-like plate 4c, starting from the side facing the receptacle 4a, as conical bores with inlet openings, the diameter of which is therefore larger than that of the outlet openings. Relative to the central longitudinal axis a, when the front view of the plate sides (FIG. 2) is seen, the central axes 13a of the overflow bores 13 are located at the inlet openings on a circle with a radius that is larger than the radius of that circle on which the ends are located of the central axes 13a are located at the exit openings. In addition, each outlet opening is offset from its associated inlet opening, in the front view of the plate 4c, for all overflow bores 13 to the same extent in the circumferential direction. Air flowing through the overflow openings 13 is therefore twisted or swirled after exiting the outlet openings, in the exemplary embodiment shown in the circumferential direction.
    Each cup piston 19 has a bottom 19a, which, as will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and la, forms a valve 9 together with the valve part 9a at the end of the piston rod 8. As FIG. 1b in particular shows, the valve part 9a is shaped like a mushroom head, so that an annular undercut is formed on the valve part 9a,
    10/30 which is engaged by the bottom 19a of the cup piston 19. The bottom 19a of the cup piston 19 is also designed so thick that it completely accommodates the mushroom-shaped valve part 9a of the piston rod 8, the bottom 19a facing the tip of the valve part 9a having a central, central opening which merges into a frustoconical recess, which is designed to correspond to the likewise frustoconical end of the valve part 9a, so that in the position shown in FIG. 1b there is a gap 20 between the valve part 9a and the cup piston 19. This position corresponds to the open position of the valve 9 formed between the cup piston 19 and the end of the piston rod 8. FIG. 1 shows the closed position of this valve 9 in the right half of the engine. Overflow openings 20a formed in the cup bottom 19a open into the gap 20, which are funnel-shaped and are designed analogously to the overflow openings 13a in the plate 4c.
    From the bottom 19a of each cup piston 19, a sleeve-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19 extends in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a and in the direction of the cylinder plates 5 already mentioned. The outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19 is matched to the inside diameter of the running sleeve 3 in such a way that that the cup piston 13 is slidable relative to the barrel 3. A multiplicity of labyrinth grooves 18 are formed on the outside of the sleeve-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19. A plurality of exhaust bores 21 (FIG. 1) are also formed on the end section of the sleeve-shaped part 19b facing away from the base part 19a. Further exhaust bores 21 are located in the running sleeves 3 and in the exhaust sleeves 2. At the bottom dead center, the bores 21 in the running sleeve 3 can align with those in the cup piston 19, the number of bores in the cup piston 19 and the running sleeve 3 being different from one another rotating cup piston 19 to ensure even discharge of the exhaust gases.
    Each cup piston 19 is also slidable relative to a cylinder 22 of its associated cylinder plate 5, the cylinders 22 also being provided with a plurality of labyrinth grooves 18 on their outer sides. Each cylinder plate 5 and its cylinder 22 are penetrated along the central longitudinal axis a by a receiving bore in which a spark plug 23 is positioned in an exchangeable manner. Between the sleeve 3 and
    In the position of the free-piston engine shown in the left half of FIG. 1, the cylinder 22 has a cavity which forms a damper chamber D. The damper chamber D is connected to outlet openings of inlet bores 24, which are formed and designed in the cylinder plate 5 in an analogous manner to the overflow bores 13 in the plate 4c. 5 shows a view from the outside of one of the cylinder plates 5, the inlet bores 24 including their inlet openings and outlet openings being visible, the latter being closable by means of tongue valves 25 (FIG. 1).
    1, in the bottom dead center position (left half of FIG. 1) between the outer sleeve 4b i and the inner sleeve 4bi of the receptacle 4 and between the ring part 7a of the magnet part 7 and the piston rod 8 together the suction chamber A. formed, the sleeve-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19 encloses a combustion chamber C, which has its largest volume in the bottom dead center position, in the top dead center position (right half of FIG. 1), it has its smallest volume. Between the cylinder 22, each cylinder plate 5 and the running sleeve 3 is, after the cup piston 19, the already mentioned damper chamber D, which is the largest in the bottom dead center position (left half of FIG. 1), in the top dead center position (right half 1) has its smallest volume. Bounded between the plate 4c and the bottom of the cup piston 19 and by the piston rod 8 and the running sleeve 3, depending on the position of the oscillating body 6, a compression chamber B is formed, which is in the bottom dead center position (left half of FIG. 1) smallest and in the top dead center position (right half of Fig. 1) has its largest volume.
    In the bottom dead center position (left half of FIG. 1), the suction chamber A, the combustion chamber C and the damper chamber D have reached their greatest volume, the inlet valves 17 at the air inlet openings 16 of the outer sleeve 4bi, which previously compressed in the compression chamber B, are closed Air has already been blown into the combustion chamber C via the overflow bores 20a and the valve 9 in the open position. In this position, the fuel that is constantly supplied under pressure during operation of the engine also reaches the injection nozzles 8b on the valve part 9a via the bore 15, the groove 15bi and the bores 15bi, 15bß and 8a, so that the
    12/30
    Fuel in the gap 20 succeeded. Here the fuel mixes with the rotating air, which is blown into the combustion chamber C from the intake chamber A via the compression chamber B and with the valve 9 open through the overflow openings 20a.
    At the top dead center (right half of FIG. 1), the air transfer from the suction chamber A into the compression chamber B is completed, with part of the air via an annular gap 26 between the magnet part 7 and the coil former 10 into the second suction chamber A in the left half of the free-piston engine and thereby cools the magnetic part 7. The air flowing into the suction chamber A via the inlet openings 17 in the sleeve 4bi of the base part 4 has previously been blown through the overflow bores 13 into the compressor chamber B while opening the valve 11 and has been compressed there. The air has reached its highest density in combustion chamber C and in damper chamber D and combustion is initiated by spark ignition in the starting phase of the engine. Spark ignition is only intended during starting and in the lower vibration range, in the upper vibration range from about 1000 to 2000 vibrations per minute the engine is a self-igniter.
    Fig. La shows a longitudinal section through the free-piston engine in a central position, wherein the vibrating body 6 from the magnetic part 7, piston rod 8 and cup piston 19 moves to the right (see arrow) in this figure. In the right half of the free-piston engine in this figure, air has already been drawn into the intake chamber A via the inlet valves 17. In the left half of the free-piston engine in FIG. 1 a, air flows into the intake chamber A with the intake valves 17 open. In the damper chamber D in the left half of the engine, the piston rod 8 moves the valves 25 in the right-hand (backward) direction Cylinder plate 5 opened and air sucked into the damper chamber D. In the compression chamber B in the left half of the engine, the pressure outweighs that in the combustion chamber C after the combustion, so that the cup piston 19 lifts off from the valve part 9a, the overflow bores 13 in the plate 4c are closed. In the right half of the free-piston engine in FIG. 1 a, the air in the intake chamber A has opened the valve 11 (overflow valve) and air enters the compressor chamber B located here. The vibrating body 6 presses the cup piston 19 to the right via the valve part 9a, which Overflow openings 20a in
    13/30
    Cup pistons 19 are closed and pressure builds up in the combustion chamber C. The valves 25 in the cylinder plate 5 are also closed by the increasing pressure, the movement of the oscillating body 6 is damped and the sealing of the cup piston 19 is supported. The oscillating body 6 continues to move to the right, the air / fuel mixture being further compressed until combustion finally takes place in the area of top dead center. Now the vibrating body moves to the left and the valve 11 closes.
    The inclined, funnel-shaped overflow openings 13 and 20a ensure on the one hand rotation and compression of the air flowing through and on the other hand ensure that the rotation of the compressed air accelerates.
    The movements of the vibrating body 6 are accomplished in the starting process by the starter generator and in the operation of the engine by the alternate auto-ignition and combustion in the combustion chambers C of the two engine halves. When the starting process is finished, the system switches to generator operation, whereby, as mentioned, spark ignition is only provided at start-up and possibly at slow speed (idle), since the free-piston engine runs as a self-igniter with a higher number of vibrations due to the high inertial forces.
    The chambers A, B and C have different maximum volumes and are all ring-shaped due to the design of the vibrating body 6. Due to the different volumes in the chambers A, B and C, an increasing, increasing compression of air is achieved. The suction chamber A has a larger maximum volume than the compression chamber B and this has a larger maximum volume than the combustion chamber C. The maximum volume of the suction chamber A is in particular 1.5 to 3 times the maximum volume of the compression chamber B. , the maximum volume of the compression chamber B is 1.5 to 3 times the maximum volume of the combustion chamber C. In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the maximum volumes A: B: C is approximately 200: 100: 35.
    The funnel-shaped overflow bores 13 in the plates 4c with the special configuration described result in a high rotational speed of the air, as a result of which
    14/30 the cup pistons 19 are centered and slide and rotate relative to the barrel sleeve 3 without contact with the latter. The cup pistons 19 each slide into one of the damper chambers D, which support the sealing of the combustion process, but also brake the high speed of the cup piston 19 of approximately 30 m / s.
    15/30
    References list
    ....................... base
    ....................... exhaust sleeve
    ....................... running sleeve
    ....................... midsection
    4a recording .....................
    4b i .................... outer sleeve
    4b 2 .................... inner sleeve
    4c ..................... plate
    ....................... cylinder plate
    ....................... oscillating body
    ....................... magnetic part
    a ring member .....................
    ....................... piston rod
    8a .................. central hole
    8b ..................... injector
    .......................Valve
    9a ..................... valve part
    ..................... bobbins
    .....................Valve
    ................... valve sleeve 11a
    11b ................... valve disc
    11c ................... stop
    ..................... shaft seal
    ..................... relief hole
    ..................... annular gap
    .....................Drilling
    15Bi .................. groove
    16/30
    15b2 .................. bore and annular gap
    15bs .................. bore piston rod
    15c ................... Fuel drain hole
    15ci ........................... groove fuel drain
    16 ..................... air inlet opening
    ..................... inlet valve
    ..................... labyrinth groove
    ..................... cup plunger
    19a ................... ground
    19b ................... sleeve-shaped part
    .....................Gap
    20a ................... overflow
    ..................... exhaust hole
    .....................Cylinder
    23 ..................... spark plug
    ..................... inlets
    ..................... reed valve
    ..................... annular gap
    ..................... Fuel supply
    27a ................... Fuel discharge
    A suction ......................
    B ...................... compressor chamber
    C ...................... combustion chamber
    D ...................... damper chamber
    E ....................... exhaust damper
    a longitudinal axis .......................
    Ei ..................... level base part
    E2 ..................... Mid-level vibrating body
    17/30
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    claims
    1.Free-piston engine in a cylindrical, two-sided symmetrical design with a stationary base part (1) and two identically designed engine halves, each with a combustion chamber (C) and with a vibrating body that can slide within the base part (1) and has a piston rod (8) ( 6) and compressor chambers (B) between the piston rod (8) and the base part (1), characterized in that the ends of the piston rod (8) are coupled to a cup piston (19), each of which has one of the combustion chambers (C) and forms a valve (9) together with the respective piston rod end, each cup piston (19) in a barrel (3) belonging to the base part (1) and on a cylinder (22) enclosing the combustion chamber (C) and belonging to the base part (1) ) a cylinder plate (5) is mounted, which together with the barrel sleeve (3) encloses a damper chamber (D), into which air is sucked in during operation of the engine, so that everyone Cup piston (19) only slides on air, and at each piston rod end of the piston rod (8) there is at least one bore (8a) which forms an injection nozzle (8b), via which in each case in the area of bottom dead center and when the valve (9 ) Fuel that mixes with air supplied in the area of the valve (9) reaches the respective combustion chamber (C).
    [2]
    2. Ereikolbenmotor according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve (9) by the rising in the compression chamber (B)
    18/30
    Compression pressure opens against the decreasing combustion pressure in the combustion chamber (C).
    [3]
    3. Free-piston engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston rod (8) has at each end a mushroom-shaped end portion which forms a valve part (9a) of the valve (9) and which has an undercut which extends from the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) is engaged.
    [4]
    4. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the open position of the valve (9) between a frustoconical recess in the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) and the mushroom-shaped valve part (9a) a gap (20 ) is formed, in which fuel can be injected into the gap (20) via the at least one injection nozzle (8b) provided on the valve part (9).
    [5]
    5. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) is provided with a number of overflow openings (20a) for air, which in connection with the gap when the valve (9) is open (20) and allow air to flow from the compression chamber (B) to the combustion chamber (C).
    [6]
    6. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each cylinder plate (5) is provided with a number of inlet openings (24) for air, which can be closed on the inside by means of tongue valves (25) and air from the outside into the between Let the sleeve (3) and the damper chamber (D) formed in the cylinder (22) flow.
    [7]
    7. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the outer sides of the cylinder (22) and the cup piston (19) a plurality of labyrinth grooves is formed.
    19/30
    [8]
    8. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base part (1) between the two Eaufhülsen (3) has a central middle part (4) which in each engine half a perpendicular to the piston rod (8) arranged block-like plate ( 4c), which is connected to two concentrically arranged cylindrical sleeves (4b i, 4bi) of different diameters, which form between them a partial area of a suction chamber (A) for air.
    [9]
    9. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the oscillating body (6) has a central part on the piston rod (8) arranged magnetic part (7) of a starter generator, which magnetic part (7) in longitudinal section through the engine, in particular H- is shaped and leaves two free spaces to the piston rod (8), which form a further portion of an intake chamber (A) for air.
    [10]
    10. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each block-like plate (4c) has a number of overflow openings (13) for overflowing air from the suction chamber (A) into the compressor chamber (B), the outlet openings Overflow openings (13) can be closed by means of a valve plate (11b) of a pressure-actuated valve (11).
    [11]
    11. Free-piston engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the valve (11) has a valve sleeve (11a) which is located between the piston rod (8) and the inner sleeve (4bi) of the central part (4) of the base part (1), wherein the piston rod (8) and the valve sleeve (11a) are slidable relative to one another in such a way that opening and closing of the valve (11) is made possible.
    [12]
    12. Free-piston engine according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the outer sleeve (4bi) of the central part (4), the base part (1) is provided with a number of inlet openings (17) for air, which can be closed in particular by means of tongue valves.
    20/30
    [13]
    13. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the overflow openings (13) in the block-like plate (4c) and / or the overflow openings (20a) in the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) and / or the inlet openings (24) are formed in the cylinder plate (5) as funnel-shaped openings that narrow in the direction of flow.
    [14]
    14. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the overflow openings (13) in the block-like plate (4c) and / or the overflow openings (20a) in the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) and / or the inlet openings (24) in the cylinder plate (5) have outlet openings which are each offset equally from their inlet openings.
    [15]
    15. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fuel supply (27) from the outside via a bore (15) in the block-like plate (4c), via a groove (15bi) in the sleeve (4ba) in one in the base part (1) formed annular gap (14), a hole (ISbi) in the valve sleeve (1 la) and via holes (15b3 and 8a) in the piston rod (8) to the hole (8b), which acts as an injection nozzle, whereby the holes only form a continuous fuel line in the area of the bottom dead center position.
    [16]
    16. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that each cup piston (19) and the running sleeves (3) each have a plurality of exhaust bores (21) which are aligned with one another in the region of the bottom dead center position, the number of Bores in the cup piston (19) differs from that in the barrel (3).
    [17]
    17. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the running sleeves (3) are concentrically surrounded by exhaust sleeves (2), which are also provided with exhaust bores (21).
    21/30
    [18]
    18. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that each intake chamber (A) has a maximum volume which is greater than the maximum volume of the compression chambers (B), which in turn is larger than the maximum volume of the combustion chambers (C ).
    [19]
    19. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the maximum volume of the suction chamber (A) is 1.5 to 3 times the maximum volume of the compressor chamber (B).
    [20]
    20. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the maximum volume of the compressor chamber (B) is 1.5 to 3 times the maximum volume of the burner chamber (C).
    22/30



    24/30

    New claims
    1.Free-piston engine in a cylindrical, two-sided symmetrical design with a stationary base part (1) and two identically designed engine halves, each with a combustion chamber (C) and with a vibrating body that can slide within the base part (1) and has a piston rod (8) ( 6) and compressor chambers (B) between the piston rod (8) and the base part (1), characterized in that the ends of the piston rod (8) are coupled to a cup piston (19), each of which has one of the combustion chambers (C) and forms a valve (9) together with the respective piston rod end, each cup piston (19) in a barrel (3) belonging to the base part (1) and on a cylinder (22) enclosing the combustion chamber (C) and belonging to the base part (1) ) a cylinder plate (5) is mounted, which together with the barrel sleeve (3) encloses a damper chamber (D), into which air is sucked in during operation of the engine, and wherein si ch at each piston rod end of the piston rod (8) there is at least one bore (8a) which forms an injection nozzle (8b) through which in each case in the area of bottom dead center and when the valve (9) is open, fuel which is present in the area of the valve ( 9) mixed air mixed into the respective combustion chamber (C).
    2. Free-piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve (9) by the rising in the compressor chamber (B)
    26/30
    LAST CLAIMS
    Compression pressure opens against the decreasing combustion pressure in the combustion chamber (C).
    3. Free-piston engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston rod (8) has at each end a mushroom-shaped end portion which forms a valve part (9a) of the valve (9) and which has an undercut which extends from the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) is engaged.
    4. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the open position of the valve (9) between a frustoconical recess in the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) and the mushroom-shaped valve part (9a) a gap (20 ) is formed, in which fuel can be injected into the gap (20) via the at least one injection nozzle (8b) provided on the valve part (9).
    5. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) is provided with a number of overflow openings (20a) for air, which in connection with the gap when the valve (9) is open (20) and allow air to flow from the compression chamber (B) to the combustion chamber (C).
    6. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each cylinder plate (5) is provided with a number of inlet openings (24) for air, which can be closed on the inside by means of tongue valves (25) and air from the outside into the between Let the sleeve (3) and the damper chamber (D) formed in the cylinder (22) flow.
    7. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the outer sides of the cylinder (22) and the cup piston (19) a plurality of labyrinth grooves is formed.
    27/30 [LAST CLAIMS]
    8. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base part (1) between the two running sleeves (3) has a central middle part (4), which in each engine half a perpendicular to the piston rod (8) arranged block-like plate ( 4c), which is connected to two concentrically arranged cylindrical sleeves (4b i, 4bi) of different diameters, which form part of a suction chamber (A) for air between them.
    9. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the oscillating body (6) has a central part on the piston rod (8) arranged magnetic part (7) of a starter generator, which magnetic part (7) in longitudinal section through the engine, in particular H- is shaped and leaves two free spaces to the piston rod (8), which form a further portion of an intake chamber (A) for air.
    10. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each block-like plate (4c) has a number of overflow openings (13) for overflowing air from the suction chamber (A) into the compressor chamber (B), the outlet openings Overflow openings (13) can be closed by means of a valve plate (11b) of a pressure-actuated valve (11).
    11. Free-piston engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the valve (11) has a valve sleeve (11a) which is located between the piston rod (8) and the inner sleeve (4bi) of the central part (4) of the base part (1), wherein the piston rod (8) and the valve sleeve (11a) are slidable relative to one another in such a way that opening and closing of the valve (11) is made possible.
    12. Free-piston engine according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the outer sleeve (4bi) of the central part (4), the base part (1) is provided with a number of inlet openings (17) for air, which in particular by means of
    28/30 (LAST CLAIMS)
    Tongue valves are closable.
    13. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the overflow openings (13) in the block-like plate (4c) and / or the overflow openings (20a) in the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) and / or the inlet openings (24) are formed in the cylinder plate (5) as funnel-shaped openings that narrow in the direction of flow.
    14. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the overflow openings (13) in the block-like plate (4c) and / or the overflow openings (20a) in the bottom (19a) of the cup piston (19) and / or the inlet openings (24) in the cylinder plate (5) have outlet openings which are each offset equally from their inlet openings.
    15. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fuel supply (27) from the outside via a bore (15) in the block-like plate (4c), via a groove (15bi) in the sleeve (4ba) in one in the base part (1) formed annular gap (14), a bore (15bi) in the valve sleeve (1 la) and via holes (15b3 and 8a) in the piston rod (8) to the bore (8b), which acts as an injection nozzle, whereby the holes only form a continuous fuel line in the area of the bottom dead center position.
    16. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that each cup piston (19) and the intake sleeves (3) each have a plurality of exhaust bores (21) which are aligned with one another in the region of the bottom dead center position, the number of Bores in the cup piston (19) differs from that in the intake sleeve (3).
    17. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the intake sleeves (3) are concentrically surrounded by exhaust sleeves (2),
    29/30
    LAST CLAIMS which are also provided with exhaust holes (21).
    18. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that each intake chamber (A) has a maximum volume, which is larger
    5 is the maximum volume of the compression chambers (B), which in turn is larger than the maximum volume of the combustion chambers (C).
    19. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the maximum volume of the suction chamber (A) is 1.5 to 3 times the
    10 maximum volume of the compression chamber (B).
    20. Free-piston engine according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the maximum volume of the compressor chamber (B) is 1.5 to 3 times the maximum volume of the burner chamber (C).
    30 ! 30 [LAST CLAIMS ^
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2875826T3|2021-11-11|
    EP3636878A2|2020-04-15|
    EP3636878B1|2021-04-14|
    AT521166B1|2019-11-15|
    EP3636878A3|2020-06-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR742080A|1933-02-24|
    FR628550A|1926-04-08|1927-10-25|Stabilization and adjustment means for internal combustion and compression engine-compressors with direct-acting pistons|
    US3081756A|1959-04-30|1963-03-19|Univ Kingston|Free piston engine|
    DE1910256A1|1969-02-28|1970-09-17|Anton Braun|Free piston engine|
    DE3029287A1|1980-08-01|1982-03-04|Frank Stelzer|TWO-STROKE COMBUSTION ENGINE|
    US6105541A|1999-02-22|2000-08-22|Caterpillar, Inc.|Free piston internal combustion engine with rotating piston|
    US6971339B2|2004-05-06|2005-12-06|Ford Global Technologies, Llc|Electromagnetic servo valve strategy for controlling a free piston engine|
    US9657675B1|2016-03-31|2017-05-23|Etagen Inc.|Control of piston trajectory in a free-piston combustion engine|CN113417739A|2021-07-16|2021-09-21|北京理工大学|Vibration control and energy recovery device and method for free piston internal combustion engine generator|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT508652018A|AT521166B1|2018-10-08|2018-10-08|Free piston engine|AT508652018A| AT521166B1|2018-10-08|2018-10-08|Free piston engine|
    EP19198277.6A| EP3636878B1|2018-10-08|2019-09-19|Free-piston engine|
    ES19198277T| ES2875826T3|2018-10-08|2019-09-19|Free piston motor|
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